Case Study Microlite S.A. the Pan-Orient Decision

Case Study Microlite S.A.: The Pan-Orient Decision Abstract Microlite S.A. which is located in Brazil was the largest producer of batteries in South America with a mighty 55% share of the Brazilian battery market. Top Management had decided to shut down all but one out of three of the dry cell battery factories in Guarulhos. This opened up the chance for Luiz Pinto, manager of Microlites battery factory in Jaboatà £o, to take over this market share and do further investments in his company. This report is going to describe three basic different proceedings on how he can increase his production. Take over the old machines from the factories in Guarulhos, invest in new machines from Pan-Orient or come up with new ideas how the current†¦show more content†¦The second phase is dedicated to a step-by-step improvement. This improvement needs to be done anyway and during this phase we gain time to educate the people better, so that they could run the Pan-Orient machine and that they have a chance to find new jobs if the new machine arrives. The main idea of this phase is to convert the production line from a pure batch oriented to a more JIT process. This would help us to reduce downtime and increase quality, with the longer-term objective that the quality of the batteries increases so much, that we would even be able to eliminate the final electrical output test. However, this goal is very challenging and we might fail. Therefore we created the third phase. The third phase, which would come into play approximately one year after starting phase II, would be dedicated to acquire the Pan-Orient machine, or whatever machine would satisfy our need at that time. With this machine and the improvements we did so far, we would be definitively able to eliminate the battery-testing loop, resulting in a payback of about 2.9 years of this machine. Furthermore, we could fight the increasing competition more efficiently, which we expect in 1995 when the import taxes drop. We think that we found a good mixture of different approaches to overcome the under-capacity of Joboatà £o and are well prepared for the future competitions and demands. Furthermore this approach enables us toShow MoreRelatedCase Study Microlite S.A.: the Pan-Orient Decision1208 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study Microlite S.A.: The Pan-Orient Decision Abstract Microlite S.A. which is located in Brazil was the largest producer of batteries in South America with a mighty 55% share of the Brazilian battery market. Top Management had decided to shut down all but one out of three of the dry cell battery factories in Guarulhos. This opened up the chance for Luiz Pinto, manager of Microlites battery factory in Jaboatà £o, to take over this market share and do further investments in his company. This Case Study Microlite S.A. the Pan-Orient Decision Case Study Microlite S.A.: The Pan-Orient Decision Abstract Microlite S.A. which is located in Brazil was the largest producer of batteries in South America with a mighty 55% share of the Brazilian battery market. Top Management had decided to shut down all but one out of three of the dry cell battery factories in Guarulhos. This opened up the chance for Luiz Pinto, manager of Microlites battery factory in Jaboatà £o, to take over this market share and do further investments in his company. This report is going to describe three basic different proceedings on how he can increase his production. Take over the old machines from the factories in Guarulhos, invest in new machines from Pan-Orient or come up with new ideas how the current†¦show more content†¦Approach These three approaches have all their advantages and disadvantages and allow a great number of combinations. Our idea is to implement a three-step solution. The first phase of our solution is concerned with improving the current situation and overcoming the shortfall in a fast and inexpensive way. According to exhibit current situation we can identify two bottlenecks in our current production process, Add Paste to Cup and Inspect Carbon Rods. Those are below the necessary capacity of 540 units/min. To overcome this, we suggest adding one additional machine (Add Paste to Cup) from the factory in Guarulhos to reach a overall capacity of 540 units/min and engage two more persons, one to operate the additional machine and one in the Inspect Carbon Rods-operation (exhibit alternative II). The second phase, after the installation of the machines from Guarulhos, has the goal to improve the current production to an extend that: - Average Downtime shall be reduced by 30% - The quality of the batteries shall be increased with the long-term objective of eliminating the final electrical output test To reach this goal, first all the processes in the plant need to be scrutinized. Second, problems need to be identified, analyzed and solved in the manner of Kaizen. The third objective is, to implement quality control on the running belt. With these measurements were converting the factory step by step from a batch process to a JIT production. TheShow MoreRelatedCase Study Microlite S.A.: the Pan-Orient Decision1193 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study Microlite S.A.: The Pan-Orient Decision Abstract Microlite S.A. which is located in Brazil was the largest producer of batteries in South America with a mighty 55% share of the Brazilian battery market. Top Management had decided to shut down all but one out of three of the dry cell battery factories in Guarulhos. This opened up the chance for Luiz Pinto, manager of Microlites battery factory in Jaboatà £o, to take over this market share and do further investments in his company. This

The American Travesty The History And Evidence Behind...

The American Travesty: The History and Evidence behind the Veil of Racism John Locke, a social contract theorist, says that mankind is equal and independent and â€Å"no one ought to harm another of his life, health, liberty or possessions.† When humans enter into a society and form a contract, which leads to government, Locke holds that it is the job of the government to take on the responsibility of protecting the life, liberty and property of its inhabitants; however, the US government failed to protect these rights for Black Americans affected by slavery. Adam Smith, an economist and political theorist, believed that the government should defend and be proprietors of justice. The American government’s purpose, for Smith and Locke, is to promote justice through flourishing ; specifically economic flourishing for Smith. Sadly, history reveals that this was not the circumstance. During the 1700’s, America was one of several countries to embrace chattel slavery. Though slavery is no longer legal in the US, its effects have still ripp led the waters of history. Today America stands on trial. It is guilty of failing to fulfill its role as a government by promoting flourishing. Slavery and segregation in the United States have impeded the economic flourishing amongst Black American communities. History and literature will serve as evidence of this crime in exploring the impact of slavery and segregation in education, familial structure and economics. Before this case is explored, a

Tropical Rainforests vs Tropical Grasslands Free Essays

Discussion Based on the data at Tables 4c. 2 and 4c. 3, it is evident that the tropical rainforest has higher species richness than the tropical grassland ecosystem. We will write a custom essay sample on Tropical Rainforests vs Tropical Grasslands or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, when based in the indices on Diversity, Similarity and Dominance in the tropical grassland and tropical rainforest data, the Simpson Indices favor the data for the tropical rainforest as more diverse than the tropical grassland. The Simpson Indices, as defined in Cuevas et. al (2012), is based on dominance and as the number of dominant species in a community are few, the species has low diversity. The tropical rainforest ecosystem showed a higher index of dominance than the tropical rainforest resulting to the higher values it obtained in the Simpson Indices of Similarity and Evenness. This means that most of the dominant organisms present in the grassland are quite similar and the same due to the higher Simpson Indices on Equitability and Diversity while it is a different case for the forest. First, we need to identify the forest study site as a secondary or primary growth type. From the tables of species richness and number of species seen in an area, we can deduce that the forest study site is a secondary growth forest. Secondary growth forests are products of secondary succession. Secondary succession, as described in Campbell (1996), is the type of succession that occurs when the soil is intact and accommodates a considerable amount of nutrients that can support life. This succession is primarily dependent on the pioneer species (e. g mosses, weeds and etc. ) which tends the soil from its lifeless state. Since pioneer species are mostly small and more adaptable to the harsh environment, we can say that the organisms or individuals present in the forest study site are products of secondary succession. A primary growth tropical rainforest, in turn, has the following characteristics: a barren soil, presence of few organisms that can flourish at extreme conditions (pioneer organisms) and development of communities in a newly formed habitat (Ricklefs, 2008). However, the study site showing the higher species diversity based on Shannon index is the tropical rainforest study site. Comparing data presented at Table 4C. 4, the tropical rainforest showed that even in the degree of randomness of the species, the tropical rainforest showed a wider variety of species compared to the tropical grassland. The Shannon Indices are also dependent on the species richness or the number of species in a given area. (Begon et. al, 2006). Also, some species or individuals are specific in terms of their habitat. This species are sometimes common in a given habitat while rare in another type of habitat. For the common species in the grassland, Imperata cyndrica, Mimosa and Elepantopus are examples of species that are generally common due to their intercepted lengths or relative covers, as seen in Table 4C. 2, which yielded considerable values for it to be classified as common. Grassland individuals form in clusters and are difficult to recognize as individual species, which is why counting them as separate individuals is not practical and difficult. They are counted through the relative cover that their nodules occupy. These individuals may have the following factors that allowed them to develop in their present habitat: good interspecific competitor, highly adaptive to harsh environment and efficient distribution of nutrients and essential compounds to the plant itself. However, some species are rare in grasslands. Examples of the rare species in the grassland ecosystem are Desmodium, Sorghum, and Borreria. Based on the intercepted lengths and % cover of the species in Table 4C. 3, the species are rare due to low values it yielded on the parameters (i. e. intercepted lengths, relative cover and etc. ) and thus, regarding it as rare. This species or individuals may be rare due to low interspecific competition and are not yet adapted to their environment. They may also be dispersed randomly and landed on a grassland ecosystem that offers unfavorable conditions to the growth and development of such plants. Species that are quite common in the tropical rainforest are the Palosanto, Caryota cumingii and Cariota rumphiana. Even if the species or individuals are high in numbers compared to other plant species present in that area, we cannot conclude that these plants are the dominant individuals in the tropical rainforest. There may be certain reasons why these individuals are high in numbers. We should include factors such as reproduction rates or processes since these individuals have different ways of propagating their seeds and also the nutrient availability of the given area in the study site that the individuals really thrive for specific nourishment the place or area provides. Also, the forest has a larger area for growth and development of species and a larger area would signify that it could accommodate more species than the grassland ecosystem. The diversity of individuals in an ecosystem is affected by many factors including the area, nutrient availability and presence of biotic interactions such as competition, mutualism and etc. that would allow species or individuals to grow and develop for a higher diversity in an ecosystem. Begon et. Al, 2006) Conclusion Based on the data gathered and computed, we can say that even if the tropical rainforest species or individuals showed lesser dominance on one another, they exhibited a wider variety of species than the tropical grassland organisms. In the computation for the Shannon’s Indices of Diversity and Evenness, the tropical rainforest is a better candidate for a more diverse and even distribution of species compared to the tropical grassland. The same goes for the Simpson Indices of Dominance, Diversity and Evenness of the tropical rainforest that was more favorable than the tropical grassland. However, presence of viable resources, the area of the ecosystem and specific biotic interactions, such as competition in clumped-distributed plants, greatly affects the diversity of plants since plants tend to disperse and develop in places or areas that have lesser competition and high amount of viable nutrients. Since the tropical rainforest showed most of the characteristics needed for a plant individual to diversify, we can conclude that the tropical rainforest is more diverse and exhibits higher species richness than the tropical grassland ecosystem. However, It is strongly recommended that the increase of transect size or area for research study regarding the diversity and richness of species to validate the errors in this exercise. Introduction A community, as defined in the Dictionary of Ecology (1962), is a group of one or more populations of organisms in a common spatial arrangement or area. How to cite Tropical Rainforests vs Tropical Grasslands, Papers Tropical Rainforests vs Tropical Grasslands Free Essays Discussion Based on the data at Tables 4c. 2 and 4c. 3, it is evident that the tropical rainforest has higher species richness than the tropical grassland ecosystem. We will write a custom essay sample on Tropical Rainforests vs Tropical Grasslands or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, when based in the indices on Diversity, Similarity and Dominance in the tropical grassland and tropical rainforest data, the Simpson Indices favor the data for the tropical rainforest as more diverse than the tropical grassland. The Simpson Indices, as defined in Cuevas et. al (2012), is based on dominance and as the number of dominant species in a community are few, the species has low diversity. The tropical rainforest ecosystem showed a higher index of dominance than the tropical rainforest resulting to the higher values it obtained in the Simpson Indices of Similarity and Evenness. This means that most of the dominant organisms present in the grassland are quite similar and the same due to the higher Simpson Indices on Equitability and Diversity while it is a different case for the forest. First, we need to identify the forest study site as a secondary or primary growth type. From the tables of species richness and number of species seen in an area, we can deduce that the forest study site is a secondary growth forest. Secondary growth forests are products of secondary succession. Secondary succession, as described in Campbell (1996), is the type of succession that occurs when the soil is intact and accommodates a considerable amount of nutrients that can support life. This succession is primarily dependent on the pioneer species (e. g mosses, weeds and etc. ) which tends the soil from its lifeless state. Since pioneer species are mostly small and more adaptable to the harsh environment, we can say that the organisms or individuals present in the forest study site are products of secondary succession. A primary growth tropical rainforest, in turn, has the following characteristics: a barren soil, presence of few organisms that can flourish at extreme conditions (pioneer organisms) and development of communities in a newly formed habitat (Ricklefs, 2008). However, the study site showing the higher species diversity based on Shannon index is the tropical rainforest study site. Comparing data presented at Table 4C. 4, the tropical rainforest showed that even in the degree of randomness of the species, the tropical rainforest showed a wider variety of species compared to the tropical grassland. The Shannon Indices are also dependent on the species richness or the number of species in a given area. (Begon et. al, 2006). Also, some species or individuals are specific in terms of their habitat. This species are sometimes common in a given habitat while rare in another type of habitat. For the common species in the grassland, Imperata cyndrica, Mimosa and Elepantopus are examples of species that are generally common due to their intercepted lengths or relative covers, as seen in Table 4C. 2, which yielded considerable values for it to be classified as common. Grassland individuals form in clusters and are difficult to recognize as individual species, which is why counting them as separate individuals is not practical and difficult. They are counted through the relative cover that their nodules occupy. These individuals may have the following factors that allowed them to develop in their present habitat: good interspecific competitor, highly adaptive to harsh environment and efficient distribution of nutrients and essential compounds to the plant itself. However, some species are rare in grasslands. Examples of the rare species in the grassland ecosystem are Desmodium, Sorghum, and Borreria. Based on the intercepted lengths and % cover of the species in Table 4C. 3, the species are rare due to low values it yielded on the parameters (i. e. intercepted lengths, relative cover and etc. ) and thus, regarding it as rare. This species or individuals may be rare due to low interspecific competition and are not yet adapted to their environment. They may also be dispersed randomly and landed on a grassland ecosystem that offers unfavorable conditions to the growth and development of such plants. Species that are quite common in the tropical rainforest are the Palosanto, Caryota cumingii and Cariota rumphiana. Even if the species or individuals are high in numbers compared to other plant species present in that area, we cannot conclude that these plants are the dominant individuals in the tropical rainforest. There may be certain reasons why these individuals are high in numbers. We should include factors such as reproduction rates or processes since these individuals have different ways of propagating their seeds and also the nutrient availability of the given area in the study site that the individuals really thrive for specific nourishment the place or area provides. Also, the forest has a larger area for growth and development of species and a larger area would signify that it could accommodate more species than the grassland ecosystem. The diversity of individuals in an ecosystem is affected by many factors including the area, nutrient availability and presence of biotic interactions such as competition, mutualism and etc. that would allow species or individuals to grow and develop for a higher diversity in an ecosystem. Begon et. Al, 2006) Conclusion Based on the data gathered and computed, we can say that even if the tropical rainforest species or individuals showed lesser dominance on one another, they exhibited a wider variety of species than the tropical grassland organisms. In the computation for the Shannon’s Indices of Diversity and Evenness, the tropical rainforest is a better candidate for a more diverse and even distribution of species compared to the tropical grassland. The same goes for the Simpson Indices of Dominance, Diversity and Evenness of the tropical rainforest that was more favorable than the tropical grassland. However, presence of viable resources, the area of the ecosystem and specific biotic interactions, such as competition in clumped-distributed plants, greatly affects the diversity of plants since plants tend to disperse and develop in places or areas that have lesser competition and high amount of viable nutrients. Since the tropical rainforest showed most of the characteristics needed for a plant individual to diversify, we can conclude that the tropical rainforest is more diverse and exhibits higher species richness than the tropical grassland ecosystem. However, It is strongly recommended that the increase of transect size or area for research study regarding the diversity and richness of species to validate the errors in this exercise. Introduction A community, as defined in the Dictionary of Ecology (1962), is a group of one or more populations of organisms in a common spatial arrangement or area. How to cite Tropical Rainforests vs Tropical Grasslands, Essay examples

Impact of Open Data on Business Innovation-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Open Data on Business Innovation. Answer: Introduction There are various data sources that are available in the internet at present time, which are divided under a number of banners. Broadly, it is of two type, open data source and licensed content. The licensed contents are only available on purchase. Whereas, open data are something for which public do not have to pay (Lindman, Rossi and Tuunainen 2013). These data comes from the sources that are not restricted by copy right and mostly found in various public domains like municipalities, government, international organizations and many more. The typical one among them is the government data which are made available for the public in their websites. These data are used by various business organizations in order to grow their business and have a proper idea of the market. It is not mandatory that the open data will always bring profit the business. Open data have both positive and negative impact (Zuiderwijk and Janssen 2014). Different scholarly works have been conducted which will be r eviewed in this proposal. Project Objective To evaluate academic literatures on impact of open data source on business innovation. To identify the direct or indirect influence of open data sources on business organizations. To distinguish the negative impacts from the positive ones. To identify the disadvantages of using open data in business. Project Scope This part of the project will be focusing on the various business organizations and the impact of the open data source on them. The scope of the project lies in the field of the negative exposure of using the open data source where there is ample opportunity to conduct research. Literature Review Open Government Data Different government took initiatives to provide data to public offering them a better understanding of the scenario. The numbers of these initiatives have grown considerably during 2009-13 from two to over two hundreds. These data that are available in the internet for free not only provided the business organizations the opportunity, but also the ability and motivation to set social and economic value of their organization. These data help in generating new knowledge, value proposition and ideas. It can be summed up as the open data will enable the company to increase he organizational capabilities, which in turn will supplement in idea generation, conversion and diffusion. This will ultimately lead the company to form new social and economic value (Kitchin, R., 2014). Open Innovation strategies Open Government Data initiative is taken up by almost every developed and developing countries in the world. The governments are attracting the businesses to collaborate, participate and re-use their data that are made available by them. Different innovative strategies can be opted with the help of open data for the business growth. The author also posits a set of a set of considerable for developing the open government data portal into an open innovation platform. Businesses are also suggested to create e-service that leverage on the datasets available from the portal (Chan 2013). Demand for Open Government Data in Business Demand for open business data in private sectors or business seems to be the highest according to the Indonesian research team. A significant number of business owners have stated that the available business data on the internet is useful for their business. They show interest in more government data to become publicly available which can significantly fund for their business uptake. But the authenticity of the data reduces if it becomes free. Henceforth, the proprietors of the private businesses do not mind in purchasing the government data if it is made available by the government authority. Data from the education sectors, for instance, the number of graduates in specific fields in certain geographical region is a considered useful data for any business. It makes it easier for the private companies find out the required talents from the market and decide where to invest and where to hire the talents (Indonesia 2013). Economic Benefits of using Open Government Data According to the author, Open government Data plays potential role in innovation of any business. It provides valuable and important data for the new enterprises and business models. Though, the new business models to enter in the market, standard, which future-proof financial investment is absolute necessity. Great economic benefits are expected for the business and startup niches. According to one interviewee of the author, the open government data helped him to increase his sales by 5% (Parycek Hochtl and Ginner 2014). There are other ways of benefiting from the open data that are provided by the government. Those are outsourcing present government procedures for business cycles and as a business network. The business models, which are making use of open government data, are expected to emerge in the field of economy. It can be based on data handling, data integration, data analysis, or even visualization. OGD have the potential to provide job creation or preservation or job creat ing which in term will bring economic growth (Parycek Hochtl and Ginner 2014). Open data opportunity Open data is widely used by various companies as it offers productive growth and economic reform of the company. By extracting the knowledge available in open data in the internet permits the organizations to make better use of the existing data. Proper use of these open data policies can considerably increase any businesss output that would boost the cumulative GDP. It also helps in promoting the theme of the business agendas such as trade, monetary policy, fiscal, employment, finance, infrastructure and fiscal. This in turn offers achievement of the companys growth target. It also opens up the opportunity to create economic and social value of the company. The business can reduce its costs in provision of existing services. New services are enabled by using this and also help in quality improvement. The governance of the company is also being improved using open data (Jetzek, Avital and Bjorn-Andersen 2014). Opportunities for startups The startup based on open data has endless possibilities as stated by the author. The open data can be used as a fuel in innovation in terms of new apps that are based on open data. Necessary commitment and effort towards the work is of absolute necessary for the startup to run in the first days. A structured plan is required to engage with preparing both short and long term targets. Development of apps can provide enormous benefits to citizens, that it will be import to capture how open data can supplement in development in the particular area. The open and closed data can provide opportunity for the startup to consolidate and further growth. The author found gaps in important information where innovation can work with help of open data and presented his idea with an example of parking issue that is found in everyday life. An app based on open data can solve their quarries and problems and the startup can thrive using the open data (Kitsios and Kamariotou 2018). Open data in Business model A number of organizations opened their data for the general public in order to stimulate the innovation of their business. It has resulted into rise of new business models for the organization. According to Janssen and Zuiderwijk (2014), these newly innovated open data business models can be divided into six types, which are interactive app, comparison model, service platform, singlepurpose app, information aggregators and open data repositories. These models have different level of accessibility to the raw data. Social media is used by many business organizations for rating and discussion to get the idea for improving their business. Hybrid models on the other hand have a combined model of value creating where both private and public organizations interact (Janssen and Zuiderwijk 2014). Usage of open data in business Open data is considerably a new thing in the market and very few companies have been using open data as an integral part of the company. Such companies see the open data as a tool to maintain their present situating and help in creating values to the customers. It cannot help directly in financial benefits. Some also considers the utilization of these open data is to improve the quality of the content and making them more comprehensive. Combination of companys data with open data can bring new possibilities for the company. Several motives and opportunities are identified. They can be summed up as follows. The companies can use the open data for creating value, upgrading the quality of their product and services of the business and to improve the quality of the information and knowledge produced from the source. It can also supplement in improving the usability of the data. Open map can be an example where it is used in the visualization of the data. The open data can also contribute in assisting the comprehension of the situation that is in hand. Moreover, these open data is considered as valuable tool for businesss internal use. Refinement of data, service development, information and knowledge based management and decision making are considered as opportunities of using the open data. Moreover, some new and less identified opportunities such outsourcing of the services, business-driven opening of public data can be spotted (Immonen, Palviainen and Ovaska 2014). Impact of open data on business The open data offers various possibilities of imitating as well as learning opportunities for avoiding pitfalls. The biggest opportunity that can be identified is the hybrid model as discussed in earlier review where the models tend to pertain the ways in which companies can constrain portion of their offerings for the purpose of extracting profit. Example can be drawn of the dual-licensing. As the services and data are made free for all, the company doesnt need to purchase the products. This saves a lot of money that can be used in different grounds. On the other hand of the glittery benefits of open data sources, there are also negative impacts of this practice. It possesses a negative impact on the business ideology based on the companys respondents alone. Every business requires investing both time and money in setting up their respective businesses. Open development is something that opposes the profit motives of the company which can be considered as bad for the business (Lindm an 2014). Requirement of open data based business According to Immonen, Palviainen and Ovaska (2014), the open data source creates new opportunities for the business for the factors that provided data, consume data and develop innovative services and applications around the open data. These businesses require separate business models and synergetic environment called ecosystem to support the business applications and services. The actors of these open data ecosystem businesses are differently oriented and the business model elements. Services and business models that are needed in open data based business supposed to be different in order to gain the full advantage of the service (Immonen, Palviainen and Ovaska 2014). Literature Gap Previous studies have focused on the positive aspects of the open data sources. They also discussed about the policies of different countries for the initiative of opening data to the public. Different authors had also covered impacts of this open sources data, but only focusing on the positive approach. Economic benefits, social, and corporate value adding are discussed in dept. However, the negative approaches of this initiative are barely discussed and there are very few literatures available which focuses on this topic. Ample amount of scope is available to carry out a project in finding out the major drawbacks of the open source in the business innovation process. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussions of literature reviews that governments of all the developed and developing countries are considering making the data available to the private companies and the public, where the process has already started. Different benefits of these data are discussed and reviewed with the potential outcomes. The impact of these open data sources, both from government and private businesses are discussed. Economic benefits of the usage are also highlighted. The opportunities of the business in using open data can be found in the report with the innovation of the business model that is required in applying it. From the review, the gap can be found in the demerits of the use of open data. There are very few literature which discuss and highlights the demerits of open data which can be considered as a great opportunity for carrying out the research. Reference List Chan, C.M., 2013, January. From open data to open innovation strategies: Creating e-services using open government data. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 1890-1899). IEEE. Indonesia, R.A., 2013. Open Government Data. Immonen, A., Palviainen, M. and Ovaska, E., 2014. Requirements of an open data based business ecosystem.IEEE Access,2, pp.88-103 Immonen, A., Palviainen, M. and Ovaska, E., 2014. Towards open data based business: Survey on usage of open data in digital services.International Journal of Research in Business and Technology,4(1), pp.286-295. Janssen, M. and Zuiderwijk, A., 2014. Infomediary business models for connecting open data providers and users.Social Science Computer Review,32(5), pp.694-711. Jetzek, T., Avital, M. and Bjorn-Andersen, N., 2014. Data-driven innovation through open government data.Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research,9(2), pp.100-120. Kitchin, R., 2014.The data revolution: Big data, open data, data infrastructures and their consequences. Sage. Kitsios, F. and Kamariotou, M., 2018. Open Data and High-Tech Startups Towards Nascent Entrepreneurship Strategies. InEncyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition(pp. 3032-3041). IGI Global. Lindman, J., 2014. Similarities of open data and open source: Impacts on business.Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research,9(3), pp.46-70. Lindman, J., Rossi, M. and Tuunainen, V.K., 2013, January. Open data services: Research agenda. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 1239-1246). IEEE. Parycek, P., Hochtl, J. and Ginner, M., 2014. Open government data implementation evaluation.Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research,9(2), pp.80-99. Zuiderwijk, A. and Janssen, M., 2014, June. The negative effects of open government data-investigating the dark side of open data. InProceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research(pp. 147-152). ACM. rnment data catalogs have been published and over a million datasets have been released by governments around the world, spawning new businesses and social projects. One private sector representative mentioned data from the education system, such as the number of graduates in specific fields in a certain region, as a potentially useful resource for private companies allowing them to find out where to invest and where to hire talent.